Polemizando, still, about the tragedy in Ukraine…
the power thing, the power thing, the power thing(1618-1648), as we remember. the power thing 1648, the power thing, in Germany, the power thing.
the power thing, on one side, the power thing, the power thing, from another, the power thing, Sweden and certain allied principalities, along with Louis XIV's France, what, although catholic, it was strongly anti-Habsburg. For them, the powers of the Habsburgs were returned to the rulers of the other imperial powers, who from then on could choose their own official religions: Catholics and Protestants were redefined as equals before the law and Calvinism received recognition as an official religion. in counterpoint, the Holy See was very unhappy with the document, what Pope Innocent X called “null, empty, invalid, unfair, unfair, damnable, disapproved, insane, void of meaning and effect forever”.
Several territorial adjustments were made in this context. most important, the documents set the precedent for achieving peace through diplomatic means and a new system of political ordering in Europe based on the concept of coexistence between autonomous countries. The so-called “Westphalia principle”, that recognizes the sovereignty of States and the right to decide their own destiny constitutes today the basis of international law as we understand it.
These concepts of state sovereignty, of mediation between nations, and diplomacy, find, because, its origin in the text of these treaties signed more than three hundred and fifty years ago. They constituted the wail of modern international diplomacy and formalized the principle of religious tolerance from a political perspective.. The Westphalian system remains the model for international politics around the world., and the concept of state sovereignty solidified by peace is still the basis for modern international treaties and conventions..
According to Professor Steven Patton, no seu texto “The Peace of Westphalia and it Affects on International Relations, Diplomacy and Foreign Policy”, “…the concepts of state sovereignty, the system of mediation between nations and diplomacy find their origins in the text of this treaty written more than three hundred and fifty years ago. this peace, which was actually made up of two different peace conferences, was the first attempt to modernize international diplomacy, and solidified the principle of religious tolerance from a political perspective. It was one of the first attempts to codify an international set of laws, and essentially provided the mainstay for the international communities, like the European Union and the United Nations… The Westphalian system still remains the model for international politics around the world., and the concept of state sovereignty, solidified by peace, is still the basis for modern international treaties and conventions.”.
only that……
The planet underwent profound transformations throughout the 19th century when European powers began to occupy spaces across continents., not only exploiting the riches that the connivance with the local elites provided them, but also imposing civilizational concepts alien to the nature and history of these societies. The most harmful consequences of these ailments were the artificial borders drawn by the colonizers., separating ethnicities, families, and societies, that to this day seek their real contours. This is the tragic legacy of colonialism.
Came to add/replace (?) this stage the process of globalization of trade and the economy carried out by transnational companies, especially from the mid-twentieth century: numerous labor, cockroaches and agreeables have extended the frontiers of business empires, eventually modifying the very structure of the geoeconomy… and geopolitics, by addition. I always quote my friends that, in mine 76 years of life, I went through four “hegemonies”: 1) the one from England, When I was born, in 1945 – “ the sun never sets on the British Empire”, even in Africa? – 2) the USSR/USA-West bipolarity, in the decade 70; 3) American unilateral hegemony when the Soviet Union dissolved, in 1991; e 4) a new paradigm, still under construction, perhaps a shared US hegemony (+Western?) e China, or, for the most radical, China “just short”…. Let us not forget that the People's Republic is the main trading partner of most countries on the planet and, according to analysts, will take the lead in the world economy within a few years…
It's in this universe, for me, what the events in Ukraine are about. My reasoning may seem “out of context”, but it takes sharper contours, I believe, when we read the joint communiqué that Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping signed recently in Beijing, when the Russian was the guest of honor at the Winter Olympics: …" today, the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario, the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario. the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario, the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario, the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario, the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario, the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario… the “Joint Communiqué” signed in Beijing presents an entirely different and totally auspicious scenario. This trend arose for the redistribution of power in the world, and the international community is showing increasing demand for leadership aimed at peaceful and gradual development….. and the international community is showing a growing demand for leadership aimed at peaceful and gradual development, and that their promotion and protection is a common responsibility of the entire world community…” (sic)
Planeta westphaliano, or reconstituted Pangea?…
In this scenario, where is Russia, greatest military power on the planet, but “only” the 11th world GDP, just a step above ours? ideological fickleness? Nostalgia for a dying empire? It makes sense that Russia intends to enclose a population historically sister to an anachronistic frontier.: Russia + Crimea + Donetsk + Luhansk X Ukraine…? It's NATO: its spread across Europe also makes sense when its original vocation – to protect the West from the communists of the USSR – no longer has any reason to exist on the post-Soviet planet.?
Questions and dilemmas that require deep reflection…
Read too the power thing (I): and the UN Security Council
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