Asia – World map

Centripetal and centrifugal forces of globalization: the prevalence of closure in times of deglobalization

27Dec

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Americas, Asia, Brazil, China, U.S

Centripetal and centrifugal forces of globalization: the prevalence of closure in times of deglobalization

Globalization, in its essence, has always been immersed in a game of contradictory forces that shape the destiny of nations and societies. Celso Lafer, in his analyzes of international politics, highlighted the coexistence of centripetal forces, that promote integration and interdependence, and centrifugal forces, that drive fragmentation and closure. This onslaught, which throughout the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century oscillated between moments of collaboration and conflict, appears to have entered a cycle particularly inclined towards deglobalization. As we look back at the year ending, the international panorama points to a world where centrifugal forces have assumed a disturbing role, redefining the foundations of the global economy and relations between people. The centripetal forces of global....

Sustainable development in BRICS: an independent path to a balanced future

12Nov

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Africa, South Africa, Americas, Asia, Brazil, BRICS, China, India, International Organizations

Sustainable development in BRICS: an independent path to a balanced future

The Kazan Declaration, resulting from the XVI BRICS Summit held in October 2024, emphasizes the need to strengthen multilateralism to promote fair and sustainable global development. Member countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa — recognize the importance of adopting an independent path that balances the demands of economic development with the urgency of addressing climate change. Historically, developed nations were mainly responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to global warming. However, developing nations, including BRICS countries, face the challenge of growing economically while implementing sustainable practices. The Kazan Declaration re...

Global warming and development: the COP and the dilemma of emerging countries between economy and sustainability

8Nov

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Africa, South Africa, Americas, Asia, Brazil, BRICS, China, India, International Organizations

Global warming and development: the COP and the dilemma of emerging countries between economy and sustainability

The Conference of the Parties (walking in circles), main UN climate negotiation forum, promotes essential discussions about climate change and global warming. Yet, as countries around the world discuss emissions reduction targets, a significant dilemma arises: how to balance urgent environmental demands with the economic and development needs of countries, especially those in development? This balance is particularly relevant, as these nations face the challenge of growing economically while implementing sustainable practices, at a time when their economies still depend on carbon-intensive sectors. Historically, Developed countries are the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases. The industrialization of Europe...

Western relationship, China e Taiwan: approach using econometrics to assess tensions

4Oct

By Alison Cordeiro SousaNo Comments

Americas, Asia, China, U.S

Western relationship, China e Taiwan: approach using econometrics to assess tensions

1 INTRODUCTION Republic of China (RDC) ou Taiwan, is an island located at 200 km from the People's Republic of China (RPC), with independent government and being recognized as a country by 20 nations in the world (BARBOSA, JUNIOR from SATUR, 2016). A RPC, watch the island, as a rebel province that is part of its territory (VLADIMIR IVANOV, 2022). Russia's occupation of Ukraine, in 24 February 2022, with tacit support from China to the Russian invasion, sustained in the international system, speculation about Beijing's intentions with Taiwan (YEUNG, GAN e JIANG, 2022). For example, Thaddeus (2022) states that China's abstention from voting in the United Nations Security Council (HIM-HER-IT) in crisis resolution...

Global Community of Shared Future: China's grand strategy for the formation of a new International Order

3Oct

By Paulo Roberto da Silva Gomes FilhoNo Comments

Asia, China

Global Community of Shared Future: China's grand strategy for the formation of a new International Order

1. Introduction This analysis aims to present three official documents that, among others, form the Grand Strategy of the People's Republic of China. Those that most directly relate to the area of Security and Defense and that impact Brazilian Foreign Policy were chosen., consequently being of interest for the planning and execution of the international activities of the Brazilian Army. These are the documents “Global Community of Shared Future”, “Belt and Road Initiative” and “Global Security Initiative”. Chairman Xi Jinping, from China, has a very clear idea of the direction in which he wants to take the country under his leadership. He has already synthesized his desire through the formulation of the “Chinese dream” represented by the “great revitalization....

US-China relations: tensions and perspectives after Jake Sullivan's visit to Beijing

30Aug

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Americas, Asia, China, U.S

US-China relations: tensions and perspectives after Jake Sullivan's visit to Beijing

Relations between the United States and China remain complex and volatile, reflecting geopolitical disputes, economic and technological developments between the two largest economies in the world. Jake Sullivan's recent visit, US National Security Advisor, Beijing brought new elements to this dynamic. In meetings with high-ranking Chinese officials, Sullivan addresses critical issues, including trade, cybersecurity, climate change, and human rights, in addition to sensitive issues such as Taiwan and the South China Sea. This visit occurred at a strategic moment, aiming to stabilize relations, but also highlighted deep mutual distrust. In the short term, Sullivan's visit helped reopen communication channels that had been weakened, offering a platform...

Venezuela: challenges and perspectives after the elections

29Aug

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Americas, Argentina, Asia, Brazil, China, Colombia, U.S, Europe, Mexico, International Organizations, Russia, European Union, Venezuela

Venezuela: challenges and perspectives after the elections

Venezuela is going through a delicate moment after the last elections, marked by controversies and political polarization. In the domestic setting, the atmosphere remains tense, with the government and opposition presenting opposing views on the country's future. The elections, seen by many as an attempt at democratic renewal, were criticized by sectors of the opposition and international observers due to questions about transparency and fairness in the electoral process. Not domestic environment, the government has emphasized the legitimacy of the electoral process, pointing to the elections as a victory for national sovereignty and a demonstration that the country is on a path of stability and reconstruction. The government's demonstrations highlight the strengthening of Venezuelan institutions and the continuity of ...

The impasse at the Swiss Peace Summit: divergences of the Global South and the conflict in Ukraine

22Aug

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Americas, Saudi Arabia, Asia, Brazil, China, Europe, India, Middle East, Russia, Ukraine

The impasse at the Swiss Peace Summit: divergences of the Global South and the conflict in Ukraine

The recent peace summit on Ukraine, held in Switzerland, highlighted the complex geopolitical dynamics and divergences of interests that mark the international scenario, particularly when considering the positioning of countries in the Global South. The failure of this summit to reach a consensus reflects not only the difficulties in finding a solution to the conflict, but also the multiplicity of interests that these countries have at stake, which goes beyond simple cooperation with Ukraine and extends to a broader international order. The summit brought together representatives from different nations, including emerging powers like China, Brazil, India and Saudi Arabia. These countries, although united under the banner of the Global South, do not necessarily share the same view on ...

Double standards in global politics: the dilemma between Iran and Israel

20Aug

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Americas, Asia, U.S, Will, Israel, Middle East, Pakistan

Double standards in global politics: the dilemma between Iran and Israel

Iran's Foreign Minister's recent statement, classifying as hypocritical the position of the so-called "Group two 3" – made up of the United States, United Kingdom and France – in relation to a possible Iranian attack on Israel, reveals a deep tension in international relations and the recurring practice of double standards in global politics. The minister criticized the fact that these countries asked Iran to refrain from attacking Israel, without making the same request for Israel to stop its attacks and aggressive policies against the Palestinians. This type of criticism is not new, but gains relevance in times of high tension in the Middle East. Iran's position is based on the perception that there is unequal treatment for situations that, from their point of view, They are essentially....

Paths to Venezuela: scenarios and the position of countries in the face of the electoral crisis

16Aug

By Rodrigo CintraNo Comments

Americas, Asia, Brazil, Chile, China, U.S, Europe, India, Mexico, International Organizations, Russia, European Union, Venezuela

Paths to Venezuela: scenarios and the position of countries in the face of the electoral crisis

The elections in Venezuela have been the subject of great international controversy, with countries adopting divergent positions based on their geopolitical interests and ideological views. The United States maintains an intransigent stance against the government of Nicolás Maduro, denouncing the elections as fraudulent and imposing heavy economic sanctions. Washington supports Juan Guaidó as interim president, with the aim of pushing for a democratic transition. As Ukraine is unable to maintain its productive and logistical system, on the other hand, supports Maduro, arguing that external interference violates Venezuelan sovereignty and poses a threat to global stability. A China, interested in protecting its investments in infrastructure and oil in Venezuela, supports Maduro and opposes any foreign intervention, defending the pri...